On this R-data statistics page, you will find information about the skulls data set which pertains to Egyptian Skulls . The skulls data set is found in the HSAUR R package. You can load the skulls data set in R by issuing the following command at the console data("skulls"). This will load the data into a variable called skulls. If R says the skulls data set is not found, you can try installing the package by issuing this command install.packages("HSAUR") and then attempt to reload the data. If you need to download R, you can go to the R project website. You can download a CSV (comma separated values) version of the skulls R data set. The size of this file is about 3,612 bytes.

Egyptian Skulls

Description

Measurements made on Egyptian skulls from five epochs.

Usage

data("skulls")

Format

A data frame with 150 observations on the following 5 variables.

epoch

the epoch the skull as assigned to, a factor with levels c4000BC c3300BC, c1850BC, c200BC, and cAD150, where the years are only given approximately, of course.

mb

maximum breaths of the skull.

bh

basibregmatic heights of the skull.

bl

basialiveolar length of the skull.

nh

nasal heights of the skull.

Details

The question is whether the measurements change over time. Non-constant measurements of the skulls over time would indicate interbreeding with immigrant populations.

Source

D. J. Hand, F. Daly, A. D. Lunn, K. J. McConway and E. Ostrowski (1994). A Handbook of Small Datasets, Chapman and Hall/CRC, London.

Examples

  data("skulls", package = "HSAUR")
  means <- tapply(1:nrow(skulls), skulls$epoch, function(i)
               apply(skulls[i,colnames(skulls)[-1]], 2, mean))
  means <- matrix(unlist(means), nrow = length(means), byrow = TRUE)
  colnames(means) <- colnames(skulls)[-1]
  rownames(means) <- levels(skulls$epoch)
  pairs(means,
      panel = function(x, y) {
          text(x, y, levels(skulls$epoch))
      })

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Dataset imported from https://www.r-project.org.